Wait a minute. Let’s see if I understand this. (Here I’m channeling you, the puzzled reader, after you’ve grabbed me in the coffee break of a Filter Wizard lecture morning). The frequency of the n th ...

Distortion. Present in every electro-mechanical-acoustical transducer ever built, yet infrequently does one find information (let alone useful information) that describe the type and degree of ...

The human sense of hearing is fantastically complex, as both a mechanism and as a process. That it has evolved into an extremely sophisticated psycho-physiological function should come as no surprise ...

Digitizers convert the samples of an analog signal into digital values using analog to digital converters (ADCs). The more bits, the smaller the change in signal and ADC can detect. While 8 bits is ...

The analysis of electrical signals, otherwise known as signal analysis, is a fundamental challenge for virtually all electronic design engineers and scientists. While it provides valuable insight into ...

Microwave photonic links (MPLs) combine the expansive bandwidth and low loss of optical fibres with the versatility of radio frequency signals to enable high-speed, long-distance communication and ...

Fig 1. Two analog multipliers form a VCO with quadrature outputs, while a third multiplier provides AGC to stabilize output voltages without adding distortion. Fig 2. The oscilloscope trace of the VCO ...