Whether infection of cells by individual virions occurs randomly or if there is some form (s) of competition or cooperativity between individual virions remains largely unknown for most virus-cell ...

In many modern sciences, data often exist on curved geometric spaces rather than flat planes, posing challenges for traditional statistical tools. These curved spaces are called Riemannian manifolds.

This paper describes the eccentricity, amplitude, phase shift, angular momentum, polarization, radial path, and orbital ...

Probabilistic models, such as hidden Markov models or Bayesian networks, are commonly used to model biological data. Much of their popularity can be attributed to the existence of efficient and robust ...