Actin filament branch initiation by the Arp2/3 complex requires that the Arp2 and Arp3 subunits are loaded with ATP. However, whether ATP hydrolysis is required for branch initiation or subsequent ...

In ATP hydrolysis, water is used to split apart adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to create adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to get energy. ATP hydrolysis energy (AHE) is then used in the activities of living ...

The major cytoskeleton protein actin undergoes cyclic transitions between the monomeric G-form and the filamentous F-form, which drive organelle transport and cell motility. This mechanical work is ...

Glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone for which only few client proteins and no cofactors are known and whose mode of action is unclear. To decipher the mode ...