Thermodynamic spontaneity—whether a reaction can go—can be measured by changes in either of two parameters: entropy or free energy.

The second law of thermodynamics is one of those puzzling laws of nature that simply emerges from the fundamental rules. It says that entropy, a measure of disorder in the Universe, must always ...

The ability to quantify differentiation potential of single cells is a task of critical importance. Here we demonstrate, using over 7,000 single-cell RNA-Seq profiles, that differentiation potency of ...

In a study published in Physical Review Letters, physicists have demonstrated that black holes satisfy the third law of ...

Looking back a variety of distances corresponds to a variety of times since the Big Bang. Entropy has always increased from any moment to the next, but that doesn't mean that the Big Bang began with ...