Primary cilia are sensory organelles present on the cell surface; however, their physical structure has not been defined due to technical reasons. A new PNAS study examined primary cilia in human ...

The determination of left and right in the body plan is achieved by fluid flow in vertebrate embryos 1 with a few exceptions 2. In the mouse embryo, breaking of left–right (L–R) symmetry is triggered ...

Across all species, directed movement is essential for nutrient acquisition, energy harvesting, and the avoidance of danger or sources of stress. Organisms have evolved specific means of locomotion ...

Scientists have developed microrobots with high propulsion efficiency in highly-viscous fluid environments, applying propulsion techniques that mimic the ciliary stroke motion of paramecia. A Korean ...