Bypass pipes, accompanied by a three-way control valve, are often seen in hydronic systems at both served loads (e.g., reheat coils) as well as at primary equipment (e.g., cooling towers). Reasons for ...

Modern civilization depends on the transport of liquid and gases in systems of pipes, just as humans depend on the transport of blood through arteries and veins 1. As fluids move through pipes, they ...

Pipe-flow turbulence is a problem in the transport of oil, water and other fluids, and once established, it is persistent and costly. Turbulent fluids consume greater pumping energy and can cause ...

Researchers from the University of Washington want to improve the pipe. Specifically, they are developing a flexible pipe with an interior helical structure that makes fluid flow one way and not the ...

• Water hammer can affect most any fluid system with rapidly changing flows. • It can rupture or collapse pipes, uproot or damage supports, and break connections to equipment. • Solutions include well ...

Feedwater control valves play a critical role in boiler operation. One important parameter of their design is the pressure drop at the rated condition as well as off-design conditions. However, ...