So, a friend of mine was bored one day and came up with this problem on his own (it related closely to some personal circumstances of his own). It intrigued me, but I have not been able to solve it.

Supercongruences are congruences between special values of truncated hypergeometric series that hold modulo high powers of primes. Originally motivated by Ramanujan’s remarkable formulae for 1/π, ...

N is the population size for a hypergeometric distribution. In terms of acceptance sampling, N is the lot size. K is the number of items in the category of interest in the population. In terms of ...