Pupil dilation provides a physiological readout of information gain during the brain's internal process of belief updating in the context of associative learning.

1 Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Jordanstown, Newtownabbey, UK 2 Sports Institute of Northern Ireland, University of Ulster, Jordanstown, Newtownabbey, UK ...

January 9, 2026 • Federal officials are targeting Democratic-led states over alleged safety-net fraud. Critics worry a drumbeat of unfounded accusations could undermine public trust.