Learn how gradient descent really works by building it step by step in Python. No libraries, no shortcuts—just pure math and ...

Abstract: In order to address the challenges of unknown initial positions and accumulated long-distance positioning errors in pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR), as well as significant ranging errors ...

Abstract: This study proposes a novel distributed online gradient descent algorithm incorporating a time-decaying forgetting-factor (FF) mechanism. The core innovation lies in introducing a ...