By operating in the gray zone, states preserve escalation optionality, avoid reputation-locking commitments, and retain the ability to shift posture without incurring sudden political or strategic ...

Explore conditionality, its role in international aid, loan agreements, and public welfare, and understand its various types, applications, and potential criticisms.

Introduction After the WHO prequalified the first vaccine against mpox, we aimed to identify the influence of vaccine ...

Objectives In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), severe exacerbations (ECOPDs) impose significant morbidity and mortality. Current guidelines emphasise using ECOPD history to ...

Discover how emotional biases impact stock market crash estimates. See why expert analysis suggests lower risk and learn how to refine your own forecasts.

Discover why options market data suggests a lower crash risk for U.S. stocks than pundit surveys, and how to optimize asset allocation for better returns.

Google Tables, a work-tracking tool and competitor to the popular spreadsheet-database hybrid Airtable, is shutting down. In an email sent to Tables users this week, Google said the app will not be ...

Life is uncertain. None of us know what is going to happen. We know little of what has happened in the past or is happening now outside our immediate experience. Uncertainty has been called the ...

The mathematician Daniel Litt has driven social media users to distraction with a series of simple-seeming but counterintuitive probability puzzles. In late January, Daniel Litt posed an innocent ...