Discover how credibility theory helps actuaries use historical data to estimate risks and set insurance premiums; learn how ...

"Data As Of" refers to the Closing Sale. Volume is updated throughout the after hours market. Note: Daily closing values are valid as of 5:15 p.m. ET. Duplicate values disseminated after 5:15 p.m. ET.

Decision-making inherently involves cause–effect relationships that introduce causal challenges. We argue that reliable algorithms for decision-making need to build upon causal reasoning. Addressing ...

Pupil dilation provides a physiological readout of information gain during the brain's internal process of belief updating in the context of associative learning.