Discover how credibility theory helps actuaries use historical data to estimate risks and set insurance premiums; learn how ...

Abstract: Probability density forecast offers the whole distributions of forecasting targets, which brings greater flexibility and practicability than the other probabilistic forecast models such as ...

Discover what substandard insurance is, how it functions, and see real examples. Learn about who qualifies and what factors ...

Abstract: The Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density (GM-PHD) filter has been successfully applied to various multiple target tracking (MTT) applications due to its ability to estimate both ...