Abstract: Min-sum (MS) algorithm is a low-complexity approximation of belief propagation (BP) algorithm, but has a severe decline in decoding performance. To reduce this degradation, Normalized ...

Abstract: The statistical characterization of a sum of random variables (RVs) is useful for investigating the performance of wireless communication systems. We derive exact closed-form expressions for ...

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Gordon Scott has been an active investor and ...

Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. He previously held senior editorial roles at Investopedia and Kapitall Wire and holds a MA in Economics from The New School ...

debug exposes a function; simply pass this function the name of your module, and it will return a decorated version of console.error for you to pass debug statements ...