A way to apply the output of certain sensors to a TTL/CMOS-level iput on a microcontroller. Sensor must have an NPN output stage that can support a pullup to its power rail. With just a few components ...

Data security is very important in data transmission. There are many methods to make the data to be secure. One of the methods is by using cryptography algorithm to encrypt the data. Using the ...

In need of a simple microcontroller board for your project? Then, an Arduino board might be exactly what you're looking for. This open-source hardware platform comes in a multitude of versions, from ...

Using a PN-junction diode for temperature measurement usually depends on its 2‑mV/K temperature coefficient. Conventionally, you must amplify and digitize this voltage with an ADC before you can use ...

With these mods, this circuit will last quite a long time, especially if you make things easier for the relay by turning off power to the motor before switching directions. It is simple and effective ...

The evolution of microcontrollers (MCUs) has significantly transformed embedded systems, shifting from simple, standalone processors to complex, multifunctional units that rival traditional systems-on ...

Microcontrollers, miniature computers that can run simple commands, are the basis for billions of connected devices, from internet-of-things (IoT) devices to sensors in automobiles. But cheap, ...