First-order derivatives: n additional function calls are needed. Second-order derivatives based on gradient calls, when the "grd" module is specified (Dennis and Schnabel 1983): n additional gradient ...
Abstract: This article presents an edge-based smoothed finite element method (ES-FEM) aiming to enhance the accuracy of magnetic field simulations in permanent magnet motors (PMMs). ES-FEM constructs ...
Surface-mount device (SMD) diodes offer compact size, light weight, and enhanced reliability over traditional diodes but demand higher precision and more complex manufacturing processes. While ...