This paper develops a conceptual framework to analyze how gendered social norms mediate the effects of legal frameworks on ...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used to analyze medical images, materials data and scientific measurements, but ...

Training artificial intelligence models is costly. Researchers estimate that training costs for the largest frontier models ...

Abstract: The manual diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is often invasive, time-consuming, expensive, and prone to human error. Additionally, it can be subjective ...