During femtosecond laser fabrication, photons are mainly absorbed by electrons, and the subsequent energy transfer from electrons to ions is of picosecond order. Hence, lattice motion is negligible ...

When the first laser and inkjet printers for PCs arrived in the mid-1980s, they could only print in monochrome, and their respective advantages were obvious. Today, the differences between laser and ...

Abstract: The design of high-performance electrical machines necessitates the intricate integration of multiple physical domains, including electromagnetic, mechanical, and thermal aspects. To meet ...

Abstract: This article proposes loss and thermally optimized copper and aluminum structures for automotive electrical machines. A first batch of multiphysics optimization is performed parametrically ...

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