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CRISPR-Cas systems are prokaryotic immune systems that confer resistance to foreign genetic elements such as plasmids and phages. CRISPR-Cas systems have been exploited for targeted genome editing.

CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing exploits the CRISPR-Cas system to modify a genome in a targeted manner. Guided by RNA, the Cas9 endonuclease breaks DNA at a target sequence. Imprecise repair of the double ...