Abstract: In minimally invasive endoscopy systems, traditional optical tracking solutions commonly employed in computer-assisted surgeries are not applicable due to the lack of line-of-sight.

Abstract: This paper proposes an improved eccentric magnetic absolute encoder (EMAE) based on the adaptive linear neuron (ADALINE). Typically, an EMAE can determine the absolute angle by ...

Gray code is a systematic ordering of binary numbers in a way that each successive value differs from the previous one in ...