To achieve the power, performance, and area (PPA) advantages dictated by Moore’s law, transistors have evolved substantially over the years. The development of planar transistors at Fairchild ...

The first transistors were point contact devices, not far from the cats-whiskers of early radio receivers. They were fragile and expensive, and their performance was not very high. The transistor ...

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A graphene layer consists of carbon atoms linked by covalent bonds, forming a honeycomb structure. Its excellent electron mobility, chemical and physical stability, electrical and thermal conductivity ...

Samsung was the first fab to launch a 3nm process in mid-2022, beating TSMC to market by about six months. Plus, its 3nm node offers gate-all-around (GAA) transistors, which none of its rivals have ...