The surface of ice is a slippery subject. For more than 160 years, scientists have been debating the quirks of ice’s exterior. Frozen water is coated in a layer of molecules that behave like a liquid.

With the rapid development of material science and manufacturing science, a large number of complex structures have been designed, manufactured and applied in the industrial field. Most of the current ...

Surface properties dictate a vast array of material characteristics that are crucial to performance, durability, and intended functionality across diverse industries. Properties such as friction, wear ...