Identify the independent (manipulated) and dependent (responding) variables in a scientific investigation. Draw conclusions about the relationship between two variables using quantitative data.

This lab includes a theoretical explanation of how buffers work and how they are made, including a derivation of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Students will use what they have learned to ...

An acid-base indicator is a substance that changes color as the pH of the solution changes. Indicators work because they are weak acids which when in solution, exist in equilibrium with their ...

A well-established technique, acid-base titration is an analytical method used to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base. In practice, it involves adding a solution of known strength ...

Dawson, H. M., and Spivey, E., J. Chem. Soc., 2180 (1930). Bell, R. P., and Jones, P., J. Chem. Soc., 88 (1953). Swain, C. G., Di Milo, A. J., and Cordner, J. P., J ...